Sources Consulted

Books and Electronic Publications

Buildings of Scotland Series (London: Penguin Books until 2001; New Haven & London; Yale University Press thereafter):

• Walker, Frank Arneil: Argyll and Bute (2000)
• Cruft, Kitty, Dunbar, John and Fawcett, Richard: Borders (2006)
• Gifford, John: Dumfries and Galloway (1996)
• Gifford, John, McWilliam, Colin and Walker, David M: Edinburgh (1984)
• Gifford, John: Fife (1988)
• Williamson, Elizabeth, Riches, Anne and Higgs, Malcolm: Glasgow (1990)
• Gifford, John: Highland and Islands (1992)
• McWilliam, Colin: Lothian (1978)
• Gifford, John and Walker, Frank Arneil: Stirling and Central Scotland (2002)

RIAS Illustrated Architectural Guides (Edinburgh: RIAS/Rutland Press/Landmark):

• Close, Rob: Ayrshire & Arran (1992)
  
• McKean, Charles: Banff & Buchan (1990)
  
• Strang, Charles Alexander: Borders and Berwick (1994) (information for those areas which have always lain outside Scotland has been omitted),
  
• Geddes, Jane: Deeside and the Mearns (2001)
  
• Shepherd, Ian: Gordon (1984)
  
• Peden, Allan: The Monklands (1992)
  
• McKean, Charles: The District of Moray (1987)
  
• Haynes, Nick: Perth & Kinross (2000)
  
• Beaton, Elizabeth: Ross and Cromarty (1992)

Architect's, Engineer's and Building Trades' Directory (1868)

Arthur, Eric (revised Stephen A Otto): Toronto: No Mean City (Toronto, Buffalo & London: University of Toronto Press, enlarged edition, 2003)

Baile de Laperriere, Charles (ed): The Royal Scottish Academy Exhibitors 1826-1990: A Dictionary of Artists and their Work in the Annual Exhibitions of the Royal Scottish Academy (Calne, Wiltshire: Hilmarton Manor Press, 4 vols, 1991)

Billcliffe, Roger (ed): The Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts 1861-1989: A Dictionary of Exhibitors at the Annual Exhibitions of the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts (Glasgow: The Woodend Press, 4 vols, 1990)

Calder, Alan: James MacLaren: Arts and Crafts Pioneer (Donington: Shaun Tyas, 2003)

Crawford, Alan: Charles Rennie Mackintosh (London: Thames and Hudson, 1995)

Davis, Michael C: The Castles and Mansions of Ayrshire (Ardrishaig, Argyll: privately published, 1991)

Edwards, Brian: Basil Spence, 1907-1976 (Edinburgh: Rutland Press, 1995)

The Fettes College Register: Centenary Edition, 1870 to 1970

Fiddes, Valerie, and Rowan, Alistair: David Bryce 1803-76 (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 1976)

Hume, John R: Industrial Archaeology of Glasgow (Glasgow & London: Blackie, 1974)

Johnston, W T: Artists of Scotland: Architects (Officina Publications CD ROM, 2003)

Leith, Connie: Alexander Ellis: A Fine Victorian Architect (Aberdeen: privately published, 1999)

Luxton, Donald (ed): Building the West: the early architects of British Columbia (Vancouver: Talon Books, 2003) (information extracted only for architects with Scottish links; job lists not included in DSA)

McKinstry, Sam: Rowand Anderson, the Premier Architect of Scotland (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991)

Nuttgens, Patrick: Reginald Fairlie 1883-1952: A Scottish Architect (Edinburgh & London: Oliver & Boyd, 1959)

O'Donnell, Raymond: The life and work of James Salmon architect, 1873-1924 (Edinburgh: Rutland Press, 2003)

Peter, Bruce: 100 Years of Glasgow's Amazing Cinemas (Edinburgh: Polygon, 1996)

Peter, Bruce: Clyde Coast Picture Palaces (Ochiltree: Stenlake Publishing, 2000)

RCAHMS: Tolbooths and Town-Houses: Civic Architecture in Scotland to 1833 (London: The Stationery Office, 1996)

Richardson, Harriet: Scottish Hospitals Survey (unpublished, n.d. - copy in DMW Archive)

Rogerson, RWKC: Jack Coia: His Life and Work (Glasgow: privately published, 1986)

Savage, Peter: Lorimer and the Edinburgh Craft Designers (Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing, 1980; paperback edition, London & Edinburgh: Steve Savage, 2005)

Simpson, W Douglas: A Tribute Officered by the University of Aberdeen to the Memory of William Kelly LLD ARSA (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1949)

Sloan, Audrey and Murray, Gordon: James Miller, 1860-1947 (Edinburgh: RIAS, 1993)

Stark, David: Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Co., 1854 to 2004 (Glasgow: Stenlake Publishing Ltd, 2004)

Watson, Donald and McKay, Judith: Queensland Architects of the 19th Century (Brisbane: Queensland Museum, 1994) (information extracted only for architects with Scottish links; job lists not included in DSA)

Watson, Mark: Jute and Flax Mills in Dundee (Tayport: Hutton Press, 1990)

Withey, Henry F and Withey, Elsie Rathburn: Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased) (Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, Inc, facsimile edition, 1970 (originally published in 1956)) (information extracted only for architects with Scottish links; job lists not included in DSA)

Wolffe, Antony C: James Barbour architect, civil engineer and archaeologist (Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol LXX1, 1996)

Periodicals

Academy Architecture
Alexander Thomson Society Newsletter
The Bailie
Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter
Dundee Year Books
In Memoriam (Aberdeen)
Quiz
RIAS Quarterly (obituaries only)
RIBA Journal Vols 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 54, 55 and 56 have been checked comprehensively and selectively for obituaries in other volumes

Archives

Bank of Scotland Archives
Historic Scotland Lists
Oban Dean of Guild Records prior to 1939
Paisley Dean of Guild Records prior to 1918
Helensburgh Dean of Guild Records from 1875-1940 (using William McDonald’s handlist from the Argyll & Bute Council Library & Information Service and Argyll & Bute Archives)
RIBA Nomination Papers:
- Associates' and Fellows' papers prior to 1900 (searched by index)
- Fellows' papers (searched paper-by-paper)
- Licentiates' papers (searched paper-by-paper)
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Archives
RCAHMS Scottish Architects' Papers Preservation Project archives and Dick Peddie and McKay Collection

(Last updated 17th August 2008)

The History of the Dictionary of Scottish Architects Project

The origins of the Dictionary of Scottish Architects (DSA) consist of a number of parallel strands of research begun more than half a century ago. In the very early 1950s Colin McWilliam and Catherine H Cruft initiated an architects' and artists' index at the National Buildings Record, a voluntary body which subsequently became the National Monuments Record at the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS). In Glasgow Alfred G Lochhead commenced a programme of research for his listing of buildings of special architectural and historic interest in Glasgow and Renfrewshire, and in St Andrews Dr Ronald G Cant commenced a similar regional programme out of purely academic interest. In Dundee David Walker, then a student, was encouraged to compile a guide to the architecture of that city for the Central Library there, merging his earliest researches with those of the National Buildings Record. At first he was unaware of the importance of recording precise sources, resulting in incomplete references still evident in the present database; but at an early stage he discovered that contract advertising was much more informative than the news items in local newspapers, and the older Dundee architects were generous with their time and memories. A teaching appointment in Glasgow in 1958-59 provided the opportunity to carry out a similar programme of research in that city. There long runs of the architectural journals were available to him for the first time. McWilliam introduced him to Lochhead, and they worked closely together and shared their researches until the latter's death in 1972. Lochhead had a great many contacts among the older Glasgow architects and tradesmen and the DSA is deeply indebted to him. Also researching in Glasgow at that time was Francis Worsdall whose interest in Alexander Thomson quickly extended to all Glasgow architects. Although he and Walker worked together in 1959-60 he was never willing to disclose his sources, even in his published work, and ultimately his life's work was lost in a tragic fire. Equally early in the field and initially unbeknown to Lochhead and Walker were Professor Andor Gomme, researching for what ultimately became The Architecture of Glasgow, and Professor Andrew McLaren Young, concentrating on Mackintosh, Salmon and their circle and building on the earlier researches of Professor Thomas Howarth. With both Gomme and Young, Walker was to have long-lasting working relationships with a full interchange of data.

In 1961 Walker was appointed to the Scottish Office's Historic Buildings Inspectorate under Ian G Lindsay, whose pleasure in new-found information was more than half the incentive to find it. This enabled Walker to extend his researches to north Angus, Perth and Perthshire, Clackmannan, Stirling, Falkirk, Fife, Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire, and finally Edinburgh before his workload shifted to consent work in 1970. Initially these tranches of research were collected on a regional basis, but after Sir Howard Colvin decided to extend his Dictionary of English Architects to the Dictionary of British Architects it gradually became apparent that they represented the nucleus of a possible Dictionary of Scottish Architects, the areas in which it was weak being Highland and Moray, a deficiency remedied from the later seventies by John Gifford and Elizabeth Beaton, both of whom have contributed generously to the present project. These broad-based programmes of general research were supplemented by detailed PhD and MA dissertation research programmes on individual architects from the late 1960s, beginning with Dr Peter Savage's Lorimer. The research programme for the 'Buildings of Scotland' series, of which both Walker and Yvonne Hillyard were then part, commenced in 1971, and in the later 1970s RCAHMS began a survey of private collections of architects' papers for which Richard Emerson produced handlists for the Dick Peddie & McKay and Darley Hay collections, the latter of which has sadly been destroyed or dispersed. From the later 1970s far greater emphasis was placed on research in the listing of buildings of special architectural or historic interest and Walker's colleagues in the Historic Buildings inspectorate gradually added to the DSA as new information came to hand; Walker himself continued work on architects who either particularly interested him or were the subject of queries. Finally Professor Charles McKean, then Secretary of the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS), initiated a major programme of research into the 1930s which was just in time to catch the recollections of the architects who practised in those years; he also initiated the RIAS/Landmark/Rutland Press series of architectural guides which usefully contain illustrations of what has been lost as well as what exists.

Thus was collected a very large body of data which lay outwith the scope of Sir Howard Colvin's Dictionary, known to but a few outside Historic Scotland when Walker retired in 1993. It was not indexed and, as it had grown ever larger and more difficult to search, Walker's colleagues raised a dictionary trust fund and Historic Scotland funded an IT programme to make its lists more searchable. The generosity of those who subscribed to the trust fund at that time is most gratefully acknowledged.

The initial IT programme was based at the School of Art History at the University of St Andrews, which Walker joined as an Associate, later Honorary Professor in 1994, and led to an application to the Arts and Humanities Research Board, now the Arts and Humanities Research Council, which generously funded the 1840-1940 project in 2002. At the end of the three year duration of this award, the University of St Andrews supported the consolidation and further development of the database along with a number of other trusts, foundations and businesses. Since November 2007 it has been maintained by Historic Scotland who are undertaking the further development of the database in conjunction with the Scottish Centre for Conservation Studies, Edinburgh College of Art. Together they will extend the period covered up to 1980.

Professor David M Walker studied at Dundee School of Art (now Duncan of Jordanstone College) from 1950 to 1955 and, following two years' National Service in the Royal Engineers, commenced his career as a schoolteacher in Glasgow and Dundee whilst conducting private research into the architectural history of those cities. He joined the Scottish Office as Senior Investigator of Historic Buildings in 1961 and remained there until 1993, latterly as Historic Scotland's Chief Inspector. He was Honorary Professor of Art History at the University of St Andrews from 1994 to 2001, and acted as an expert advisor to the Heritage Lottery Fund from 1995 to 1999. He is the author of numerous articles and volumes on Scottish architecture.

The Compilation Team

	Professor David M Walker studied at Dundee School of Art (now Duncan of Jordanstone College) from 1950 to 1955 and, following two years’ National Service in the Royal Engineers, commenced his career as a schoolteacher in Glasgow and Dundee whilst conducting private research into the architectural history of those cities. He joined the Scottish Office as Senior Investigator of Historic Buildings in 1961 and remained there until 1993, latterly as Historic Scotland’s Chief Inspector. He was Honorary Professor of Art History at the University of St Andrews from 1994 to 2001, and acted as an expert advisor to the Heritage Lottery Fund from 1995 to 1999. He is the author of numerous articles and volumes on Scottish architecture.
	Yvonne Hillyard graduated from the University of Edinburgh with an MA (Hons) in Art History in 1974 and obtained a post-graduate MA in the History and Theory of Art from the University of Sussex a year later. She worked as a Research Assistant on the Penguin Books ‘Buildings of Scotland’ series and for eleven years as a Curator at the National Monuments Record of Scotland before being appointed Senior Researcher on the Dictionary of Scottish Architects project in September 2002. Her current research interests include the 19th-century restorations of Edinburgh Castle and the work of John Henderson.
	Leslie Harris graduated from the University of St Andrews with an MA (Hons) in Art History in 2001. After graduating she worked as a teaching assistant at the University of California, Santa Cruz for a year, followed by a year as Research Assistant on the Dictionary of Scottish Architects.
	Abigail Grater graduated from the University of St Andrews with an MA (Hons) in Art History in 1997. She subsequently worked as Assistant Editor of Art Review magazine and on the editorial staff of John Wiley & Sons’ architectural publishing division before joining the Dictionary of Scottish Architects as Research Assistant in February 2004.

Acknowledgements

The Dictionary of Scottish Architects project was initially funded by an Arts and Humanities Research Council (formerly Arts and Humanities Research Board) award, under AHRC's Resource Enhancement Scheme. The AHRC funds postgraduate training and research in the arts and humanities, from archaeology and English literature to design and dance. The quality and range of research supported not only provides social and cultural benefits but also contributes to the economic success of the UK.

The AHRC award was administered by the School of Art History at the University of St Andrews. Particular thanks are due to Professor Ian Carradice (Head of School) and Annette Carruthers (Head of School since 2005); and to Dawn Waddell (School Secretary) and Margaret Hall (Postgraduate Secretary) for their unfailing assistance. After the end of the 3-year project, The School of Art History supported the further development of the database along with a number of other trusts, foundations, businesses and grant-giving bodies to which the DSA is most grateful: The Aberbrothock Trust The Binks Trust The Burrell Company EDI Group The Gordon Fraser Trust Historic Scotland The Marc Fitch Fund McTaggart & Mickel The Pilgrim Trust The Royal & Ancient Club, St Andrews The Bank of Scotland The Russell Trust
The DSA project is grateful to Historic Environment Scotland for financial support, and for making available internal research.
We are also indebted to Codex Geodata for its support in the form of data design and Web database development.

The DSA project is grateful to the members of the Project Assurance Group and Project Board for the 1840-1940 part of the project for their guidance, enthusiastic support and contributions to the database.

Project Assurance Group:

• Professor David M Walker
• Dr John Frew (University of St Andrews)
• Dr Deborah C Mays (Historic Scotland)

Project Board:

• Dr Ian Campbell (Edinburgh College of Art)
• Dr Tristram Clarke (National Archives of Scotland)
• Dr John Frew (University of St Andrews)
• John Gerrard (former Director of the Scottish Civic Trust)
• John V Gifford (Staff Author, Buildings of Scotland)
• Ian Gow (National Trust for Scotland)
• Dr John Lowrey (University of Edinburgh)
• Dr Deborah Mays (Historic Scotland)
• Dr Gavin Stamp (University of Cambridge)
• Geoffrey Stell (formerly Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland [RCAHMS])
• Sebastian Tombs (Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland)

Individuals

A number of individuals have supported the DSA on a scale which goes beyond a mere mention in the Acknowledgements. By far the largest single contribution has been that of John V Gifford, who made available his researches into the architects in the Highland area, the weakest in the Walker archive, thus giving the whole project comprehensive nationwide coverage. Dr Deborah C Mays was responsible for the entries on George Washington Browne, John Kinross, Murphy & Kinross and related practices, and had previously contributed substantially to the later years of John More Dick Peddie and several other architects. Dr Gavin Stamp made his Alexander Thomson database available, and David Stark provided that for the Honeyman, Keppie, Mackintosh and Henderson practice, now Keppie Design. Iain Paterson has contributed his research on Glasgow architects, mainly derived from census returns, Post Office Directories, registers of births, marriages and deaths, Glasgow School of Art rolls and the holdings of the Glasgow Dean of Guild. Dr John Frew, Dr Robin Evetts, the late Dr Ronald Gordon Cant and John Gifford have provided much of the research for Fife, and the accounts of the Dundee City Engineer's and City Architect's Departments are based on the researches of Dr John Frew. The entries on John Dick Peddie and Charles George Hood Kinnear and related figures are abridged from Dr David W Walker's thesis; those on John Thomson, Robert Douglas Sandilands and Alexander Hood MacLeod have similarly been abridged from Suzanne Mireylees's thesis; those on James Barbour and John McLintock Bowie have been drawn from the research and cataloguing carried out by Antony C Wolffe; and the entries on the Notman family are similarly indebted to the recent researches of John Knight. The accounts of Hippolyte Jean Blanc, Robert Thomas Napier Speir and the Blackadders of Dundee have been both augmented and clarified by Margaret Lye, and Elizabeth Beaton has provided exceptional general assistance with the architects practising in the Moray area.

Special thanks are also extended to the following individuals who have contributed significantly to the project:

• Geoff Bailey (Falkirk Museum)
• Rebecca Bailey (HES)
• Rebecca Barker (formerly Historic Scotland)
• Bridget Blackmore (formerly Historic Scotland)
• Paul Bradley
• The late Sir Charles Brett
• Dr William Brogden (Scott Sutherland School of Architecture, Robert Gordon University)
• Annette Carruthers (University of St Andrews)
• Morag Cross
• The late Kitty Cruft (formerly RCAHMS)
• Neil Darlington
• Alison Darragh (formerly RCAHMS)
• Michael C Davis (Helensburgh Library)
• Richard Emerson (formerly Historic Scotland)
• Clive Fenton (formerly RCAHMS)
• The late Ian Fisher (formerly RCAHMS)
• Iain Flett (Dundee Archives)
• Mrs Anne Francis
• Eleanor Gawne (British Architectural Library, RIBA)
• Dr Miles Glendinning (Edinburgh College of Art)
• Bernadette Goslin (Historic Scotland)
• Dr David Grant
• Simon Green (HES)
• Neil Gregory (HES)
• The late Gillian Haggart (formerly Historic Scotland)
• Louisa Humm (HES)
• William T Johnston
• David Jones (University of St Andrews)
• Rebecca Jones (formerly HES)
• Jane Lessels
• Dawn McDowell (HES)
• Ranald MacInnes (HES)
• The late Professor Charles McKean (University of Dundee)
• Dr Aonghus MacKechnie (formerly HES)
• Pauline Megson (HES)
• Dr Irena Murray (British Architectural Library, RIBA)
• Morag Penny (Aberdeen City Council)
• Graham Potts
• Glen Pride (Walker & Pride, St Andrews)
• Harriet Richardson (Survey of London)
• Anne Riches
• Professor Alistair J Rowan (University College Cork)
• Ann Martha Rowan (Irish Architectural Archive)
• Joseph Sharples (University of Liverpool)
• Hannah Shaw (Glasgow University Archive)
• The late Ian Shepherd (Aberdeenshire Council)
• James W T Simpson (Simpson & Brown Architects)
• Harry Gordon Slade
• Charles Strang
• Stewart Tod
• Sheila M Walker
• Diane Watters (HES)
• Mark Watson (HES)
• The late Elizabeth Whitfeld (formerly Historic Scotland)

The DSA gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the Project Steering Group for 1940-80 extension phase:

• Neil Baxter (Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland)
• Annette Carruthers (School of Art History, University of St Andrews)
• Malcolm Cooper (HES)
• Dr Miles Glendinning (Scottish Centre for Conservation Studies, Edinburgh College of Art)
• Neil Gregory (HES)
• Dr Deborah Mays (Historic Scotland)
• Professor David M Walker (Emeritus Professor, School of Art History, University of St Andrews)
• David Whitham (DOCOMOMO)